Filament

What is filament?

Filament is a term used in 3D printing that refers to the various materials used for 3D printing. Filaments are like printer ink for 3D printers, offering a wide range of materials suited for different printing needs and applications. Each type of filament has its own physical and chemical properties, which determine its suitability for specific uses.

PLA filament

PLA or polylactic acid is one of the most common 3D printing filaments. This biodegradable material, made from corn starch, is popular due to its environmentally friendly nature. PLA filament does not warp during printing and is odorless. Additionally, PLA does not require a heated print bed, making it easier to use than many other filaments. The recommended printing temperature for PLA is about 205 °C ± 15 °C, with a bed temperature of approximately 40 °C ± 15 °C.

ABS filament

ABS or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene is another popular 3D printing material. ABS filament is known for its durability and resistance to higher temperatures, making it ideal for more demanding printing applications. However, it requires a heated bed since it shrinks as it cools, which can lead to warped prints. ABS can also be post-processed with acetone to achieve a shiny finish. The recommended printing temperature for ABS is about 230 °C ± 10 °C, with a bed temperature of about 90 °C ± 10 °C.

Nylon filament

Nylon or polyamide is a strong, durable, and versatile 3D printing material. It is flexible and provides excellent layer adhesion. Nylon is particularly suitable for functional parts, such as hinges. Nylon is sensitive to moisture, so it’s important to store it properly in dry conditions to maintain its properties. The recommended printing temperature for nylon is about 255 °C ± 15 °C, with a bed temperature of about 70 °C ± 10 °C.

PET filament

PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and its derivatives like PETG are known for combining the ease of use of PLA with the durability of ABS. For example, PETG is FDA-approved, making it suitable for food contact. PET filament is highly durable, emits minimal odors during printing, and is not prone to warping. The recommended printing temperature for PET is about 245 °C ± 10 °C, with a bed temperature of about 60 °C ± 10 °C.

ASA filament

ASA, or acrylonitrile styrene acrylate, was developed as a replacement for ABS. ASA is more resistant to UV light and weather, making it well-suited for outdoor use. It maintains its color better than ABS, which can yellow over time. The recommended printing temperature for ASA is about 250 °C ± 10 °C, and the bed temperature is about 90 °C ± 10 °C.

Polypropylene filament

Polypropylene (PP) is a versatile material especially suitable for packaging and food applications. PP is more flexible than PLA and resists torsion better. The main challenge with polypropylene is its adhesion to the print surface. Polypropylene filament works best with a bed temperature of about 110 °C ± 10 °C and a nozzle temperature of about 250 °C ± 10 °C.

Summary

Filaments are fundamental materials in 3D printing, and their specific properties directly affect their suitability for various applications. From eco-friendly PLA, durable ABS, and versatile nylon, to easy-to-use PET, weather-resistant ASA, and flexible polypropylene, there is a wide range of options for 3D printing enthusiasts and professionals. Choosing the right filament is essential to achieve the best possible print quality and performance. The different characteristics of each filament type make them ideal for applications in the automotive industry, health technology, and a wide range of other industrial and everyday uses.