Gauge block
What is a gauge block?
A gauge block is a precision measurement tool made from metal or ceramic material, defined and finished with extreme accuracy. It is primarily used in machining for precise measurements and the calibration of measuring instruments. Gauge blocks provide the ability to measure exact lengths and ensure that industrial standards and measurement accuracy are maintained in various processes.
The definition of a meter and gauge blocks
In 1983, the 17th General Conference of Weights and Measures redefined the meter based on the distance light travels in a vacuum during 1/299,792,458 of a second. A gauge block is a practical realization of this unit, allowing the most accurate possible reproduction and preservation of the meter measurement in various industrial applications.
Selecting, preparing, and assembling a gauge block set
Careful preparation and handling of gauge blocks are critical to their proper function and accuracy. Selecting the appropriate combination of gauge blocks involves following these guidelines:
Select the gauge blocks to combine:
- Use as few gauge blocks as possible.
- Choose the longest possible gauge blocks.
- Start with the block with the least significant value and progress toward more significant values.
Cleaning gauge blocks:
Clean the gauge blocks with a suitable cleaning agent, such as a solvent.
Inspect the measuring surfaces at optical level for burrs.
Checking interference patterns:
- Wipe each measuring surface clean and check for interference lines.
Remove any burrs with a honing stone.
Wringing gauge blocks:
- Clean the gauge blocks thoroughly and apply a small amount of oil to the measuring surfaces to facilitate adhesion.
- Place the surfaces of the gauge blocks together and use cohesion to attach them firmly.
Use and storage of gauge blocks
Gauge blocks are extremely hard and precisely ground, typically around 800 HV, to maintain measurement accuracy for extended periods. Gauge blocks should be handled and stored with care:
Handling:
- Use clean, dry hands, and avoid touching the measuring surfaces.
- After use, gauge blocks should be cleaned and stored in special cases that protect them from damage and corrosion.
Storage:
- Keep gauge blocks in their own cases to prevent contamination and damage.
- Thoroughly clean the measuring surfaces before use and store them in a dry, stable temperature environment.
Gauge blocks in industry
Gauge blocks are widely used for various industrial measurement purposes, such as:
- Measuring slot widths
- Inspection and calibration of measuring instruments
- Reference measurements, such as the calibration of micrometers
- In use with sine bars
Gauge block sets are essential calibration tools in machine shops and laboratories. They are available in steel, carbide, and ceramic materials and come in three different accuracy grades: 0, 1, and 2. Grade 0 is designed for reference measurements and extremely precise measuring, grade 1 is for inspection rooms, and grade 2 for tooling and machine tools.
Summary
The gauge block is a key component in precision measurement and industrial process calibration. Its careful preparation and handling ensure the accuracy of production processes and compliance with quality standards. Gauge blocks enable the maintenance of highly precise length measurements and are essential tools for calibration and measurement tasks in machine shops and machining facilities. Proper use, handling, and storage are crucial for maintaining measurement accuracy and ensuring the success of industrial processes.
